Energy

Energy conversion and efficiency

Where is energy lost when generating electricity?

Grade

Duration

20 mins

Type

Group work

Overview

After examining a Sankey diagram representing coal-fired electricity generation, students create diagrams of the energy conversions that occur when hydro power is used to generate electricity, and identify where the greatest efficiencies and inefficiencies might be found.

Instructions
Curriculum fit

Instructions

What you'll need

"Energy conversion and efficiency" slideshow
"Energy conversion and efficiency" worksheet, one for each group
Digital projector and screen

Organize your students into small groups (2-4 students) and open up the "Energy conversion and efficiency" slideshow. Show slide 2 and ask groups to suggest where the most energy is lost when coal is used to generate electricity. Encourage groups to use details from the diagram to guide their thinking.
Invite groups to share their suggestions with the class.
Display slide 3 and ask groups to compare their ideas with the details from the diagram. Briefly explain that the slide features a Sankey diagram, a visual representation of the energy flow and conversions.
Show slides 4 and 5, ensuring that students understand how to interpret Sankey diagrams.
Provide each group with a copy of the "Energy conversion and efficiency" worksheet. Ask your students to suggest what the arrow suggests about the efficiency of hydroelectric energy. Explain that the challenge of this activity is to create a Sankey diagram for hydroelectric power, drawing the arrows for the conversions that prevent hydro power from being 100% efficient.
Display slide 6 and encourage groups to use details from the diagram to guide their thinking. Prompt your students to think of the different forms of energy conversions that might take place during the generation of hydroelectric energy.
Conclude the activity by asking groups how the efficiency of a hydroelectricity generating station might be improved: where would they prioritize their efforts to make the greatest improvement in efficiency?

Modify or extend this activity

Extension

Invite students to create and compare Sankey diagrams for other types of electricity generation.

Modification

If your students require more information about hydroelectric energy, consider showing this short video about how a dam works.

Curriculum Fit

Physics 11

Big Idea

Energy is found in different forms, is conserved, and has the ability to do work.

Content

Conservation of energy; principle of work and energy
Power and efficiency

Curricular competencies

Questioning and predicting

Demonstrate a sustained intellectual curiosity about a scientific topic or problem of personal, local, or global interest
Formulate multiple hypotheses and predict multiple outcomes

Processing and analyzing data and information

Seek and analyze patterns, trends, and connections in data, including describing relationships between variables, performing calculations, and identifying inconsistencies
Construct, analyze, and interpret graphs, models, and/or diagrams
Use knowledge of scientific concepts to draw conclusions that are consistent with evidence
Analyze cause-and-effect relationships

Evaluating

Evaluate the validity and limitations of a model or analogy in relation to the phenomenon modelled

Applying and innovating

Implement multiple strategies to solve problems in real-life, applied, and conceptual situations

Communicating

Communicate scientific ideas and information, and perhaps a suggested course of action, for a specific purpose and audience, constructing evidence-based arguments and using appropriate scientific language, conventions, and representations

Assessments

Assess your students’ abilities to:

Construct diagrams that accurately reflect scientific principles (e.g., conservation of energy).
Appropriately and effectively use scientific language and representations.

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